How To Get To Sleep When You Can’t: 7 Tips For Powering Down Your Brain

It’s the middle of the night and you’re lying awake in bed. The moon is out. Maybe your partner is snoring or the house is making its nocturnal sighs. You close your eyes and, somehow, someway, try to coax your body to sleep. But it’s no use. And, actually, you’re worse because of it. By thinking about how you’re not sleeping, you’re now fully aware that you’re not sleeping and have allowed a rush of other thoughts to enter your brain. Now, another half hour has passed. That’s another half hour of not sleeping. But maybe, just maybe, if you can close your eyes and try to sleep for real this time, you’ll get a few hours of sack time before the day begins. But no. It’s a vicious cycle.

But there are ways to handle it. The first step is to understand your objective: Distract yourself so you can let sleep takeover. “People try too hard. They look at the clock and try to convince themselves to sleep and get caught in this cycle,” says Abhinav Singh, M.D., Facility Director at the Indiana Sleep Center. “It’s like over-stringing a guitar — you’re going to get too tight, too high strung. And this will drive up your levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which is anti-sleep.”

Quieting your brain sounds difficult, and it certainly can be at times of stress. But, armed with the right routine, you can break the cycle. Though the basics of good sleep — routine, proper self-care throughout the day, and so forth — remain the same and are powerful tools for conditioning the brain to achieve good rest, there are a few things you can do in the moment to fall asleep when you feel like you can’t. Here’s what to do.

What Causes Trouble Falling Asleep?

Before diving into the fixes, it helps to understand what's actually getting in the way. A few of the most common culprits:

• Stress and racing thoughts — an overactive mind is one of the most common reasons falling asleep feels impossible, even when the body is exhausted.
• Screen exposure before bed — blue light from phones and TVs suppresses melatonin production, delaying the body's natural signal that it's time to sleep.
• Caffeine timing — caffeine has a half-life of roughly 5-6 hours, so an afternoon coffee can still be in your system well into the evening.
• An inconsistent sleep schedule — going to bed and waking up at different times disrupts the body's circadian rhythm, making it harder to fall asleep on cue.
• An uncomfortable sleep environment — a room that's too warm, too bright, or too loud can keep the nervous system from fully relaxing.

What Causes Trouble Falling Asleep?

Before diving into the fixes, it helps to understand what's actually getting in the way. A few of the most common culprits:

• Stress and racing thoughts — an overactive mind is one of the most common reasons falling asleep feels impossible, even when the body is exhausted.
• Screen exposure before bed — blue light from phones and TVs suppresses melatonin production, delaying the body's natural signal that it's time to sleep.
• Caffeine timing — caffeine has a half-life of roughly 5-6 hours, so an afternoon coffee can still be in your system well into the evening.
• An inconsistent sleep schedule — going to bed and waking up at different times disrupts the body's circadian rhythm, making it harder to fall asleep on cue.
• An uncomfortable sleep environment — a room that's too warm, too bright, or too loud can keep the nervous system from fully relaxing.

1. Leave Your Bed

If you’re unable to fall back asleep in 15 or 20 minutes, get up and go somewhere else. Have a guest room? Great. Go there. A couch will also do.

One of the worst things you can do if you’re having a hard time sleeping is to stay in bed and think about not being able to sleep. “Don’t lay there struggling because your brain will learn ‘This is the boxing ring where we fight the sleep every night,’” says Singh. “The bed is for sleep or intimacy. Not sleeping, no intimacy? Don’t be in bed. That’s how you teach your brain to relate your bed to sleep. The longer you lie there, the more your stress will mount and the worse your chances will be to fall asleep.”

2. Don’t Look at the Clock

This is tricky, but it’s important. If you understand what time it is, you will likely start to think ‘oh, it’s 4:15, maybe I can get two hours of sleep before I have to get up,’ and perpetuate the vicious cycle. “It’s so important to resist the temptation to look at the clock,” says Singh, “as it will only make you realize how much sleep you have missed.” That means, yes, resisting the temptation to look at your phone too.

3. Avoid Screens or Harsh Lights

One of the keys to Good Sleep 101 is limiting the amount of light you receive before bed. But this also remains true when you’re having trouble sleeping.

Light is a natural signal to our bodies that it’s time to rise, and it decreases the slow-drip of melatonin we receive. So, avoid turning on any bright lights (installing a dim motion-sensor light in the bathroom might be useful) and scrolling on your phone to pass the time. The latter is especially true, as reading the news or seeing headlines at night, especially in our particularly high-strung era, will only increase stress.

4. Read a Book or Listen to a Podcast

Once on a couch or in another room, crack open a book or listen to a podcast. Either will focus your mind to make you stop thinking about sleeping and let sleep come to you. “It will draw your attention so that you’re not worrying about sleep and thus let sleep naturally come,” says Singh.

5. Try The 4-8 Breathing Technique…

The name of the game when you can’t sleep is calming yourself down. One of the best ways to do that — in the middle of the night or anytime you’re feeling stressed — is to do some deep breathing.

Singh recommends a simple 4-8 technique. That is, slowly inhale while counting to four seconds, and then exhale for eight seconds. “What you’re doing is slowing down your breathing to reduce the cortisol level and inducing a state of calm,” he says. “Plus your brain is locked onto that process.”

6. …Or Some Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation

Similar to deep breathing is this relaxation technique that’s often used in anxiety management. The idea is, starting from your toes and moving up to your ankles, knees, thighs, and every other muscle that you can voluntarily control or tense, you clench them for three seconds and then relax. you count to three and relax.

“Again, this is a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that’s intended to focus your mind on the clenching while relaxing all the muscles in your body,” say Singh. “It’s relaxing, and hard to drift away into other thoughts while focusing on this.”

7. Try White Noise

Another way to give your mind a focal point is to use some white noise. Maybe it’s rain. Maybe it’s the wind. Maybe it’s a crackling fire. Maybe it’s just the drone of the fan. Whichever you chose, listening to a constant sound is an excellent way to draw the mind’s attention and calm it down enough for sleep to arrive.

Moving Forward

Proper sleep hygiene is the key to proper restorative rest. If you’re not adhering to good principals during the day — avoiding screens before bed, limiting caffeine, not getting enough sunlight during the day, not working out enough, and so on — sleep will be hard to achieve. “The brain loves routine,” says Singh. “And only when one follows proper steps during the day will they see less problems during the night.”

If you suffer from chronic insomnia, don’t expect a quick fix all of a sudden. “You can’t develop a six pack in two days at the gym,” says Singh. “It’s a process to get back on track. But with good routines, you can get there.”

If you’re still struggling, it may be time to talk a sleep doctor. Help is out there.

8. Try Magnesium Or Melatonin (With Caution)

Some people find that a low dose of melatonin or a magnesium supplement helps signal to the body that it's time to wind down. Melatonin can be especially useful for resetting a disrupted schedule, like after travel.

That said, supplements aren't a fix-all, and melatonin in particular can cause grogginess if the dose is too high. It's worth talking to a doctor before adding anything new to a nightly routine, especially if you're already taking other medications.

FAQ

How long should it take to fall asleep?

Most people fall asleep within 10-20 minutes of getting into bed. If it consistently takes much longer than that, it may be worth looking at sleep hygiene habits or talking to a doctor.

Is it bad to check the time if I can't sleep?

Yes — checking the clock tends to increase anxiety about not sleeping, which makes it even harder to actually fall asleep. It's best to turn the clock away or keep your phone out of reach.

When should I see a doctor about insomnia?

If trouble falling or staying asleep happens three or more nights a week for a month or longer, or if it's significantly affecting daytime functioning, it's a good idea to talk to a doctor or sleep specialist.

8. Try Magnesium Or Melatonin (With Caution)

Some people find that a low dose of melatonin or a magnesium supplement helps signal to the body that it's time to wind down. Melatonin can be especially useful for resetting a disrupted schedule, like after travel.

That said, supplements aren't a fix-all, and melatonin in particular can cause grogginess if the dose is too high. It's worth talking to a doctor before adding anything new to a nightly routine, especially if you're already taking other medications.

FAQ

How long should it take to fall asleep?

Most people fall asleep within 10-20 minutes of getting into bed. If it consistently takes much longer than that, it may be worth looking at sleep hygiene habits or talking to a doctor.

Is it bad to check the time if I can't sleep?

Yes — checking the clock tends to increase anxiety about not sleeping, which makes it even harder to actually fall asleep. It's best to turn the clock away or keep your phone out of reach.

When should I see a doctor about insomnia?

If trouble falling or staying asleep happens three or more nights a week for a month or longer, or if it's significantly affecting daytime functioning, it's a good idea to talk to a doctor or sleep specialist.